Homelessness The Problem Of Homelessness - 1584 Words

Homelessness Awareness At some point in their life, a person has seen or heard of an individual who lives on the streets. The individual who lives on the streets and holds a sign that says they need money for food is consider homeless. Sadly, these individuals are everywhere and the amount of people under this title is slowly increasing. However, in this nation we have the ability to begin decreasing that number. By providing the necessary amount of assistance required to place these individuals in permanent housing, the number of homeless individuals will begin to decrease. To solve the problem of homelessness, people must understand why individuals become homeless. Some individuals struggle to find a job that will help pay for their†¦show more content†¦The issue of physical problems can also have an effect on the homeless individual. Endhomeless says that because the homeless are not able to afford medical care, they can suffer from a number of health issues. Those issues can be colds and flu, skin diseases from not being able to bathe properly, nutritional deficiencies, and sleep deprivation. In addition, â€Å"diabetes and heart diseases are also found at high rates among the homeless† (endhomeless). Homelessness can also affect the individual spiritually. These individuals suddenly may lack hope and their purpose for life. Finding purpose while they struggle to meet their daily needs can leave them feeling hopeless and deprived from their abilities. Somerville also points out that homeless individuals have been deprived territorially because of their â€Å"lack of privacy† from living on the streets. This could leave the individual feeling vulnerable to anyone who sees them in their state and walks away. Consequently, they may feel that the world has abandoned them because there is no one helping or reaching out to them. Lastly, homelessness can affect an individual emotionally. Somerville describes this as lacking the emotion of â€Å"love or joy†. At one point of their lives the person might have been employed or had a place of residence and a feeling of self-worth. However, homeless can cause so many difficult emotions that can lead the individual to abusing substances, believing they do notShow MoreRelatedHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1350 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness There are many parts to the subject of homelessness, of course people talk about the solutions to it like The Ten Year Plan, then there is the history of it starting from the 1640’s. Also there is discussions about Homeless Shelters and more recently Anti-homeless Legislation. Then there are always the staggering statistics. The homeless is a very one minded topic for most. Most people think that the homeless should be helped, cared for, and educated for success. This is true (at leastRead MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1479 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness Do you think the government is really doing enough to fix the issue of homelessness?According to Lee, Dozens of homeless were left with nothing after a local Seattle organization (SHARE) closed its shelters (Lee, â€Å"Dozens of homeless camp out at county building after SHARE closes its shelters†). How could the government just let these people live without shelter? It even got to the point where the homeless were camping outside a county building because they had no other options.Read MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1379 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the numbers of homelessness in the States have decreased in the past 10 years, more than 3.5 million people each year experience homelessness, with 578,424 individuals experience homelessness each night (endhomelessness.org). Many poverty-stricken people are consistently at the risk of homelessness; there is a lack of affordable housing, many jobs provide low income, and destitute people cannot afford medical care for support. However, homelessness does not only extend to the penniless -Read MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesled to homelessness. These barriers may be a numerous amount of things such as substance abuse, personal trauma, unhealthy relationships, health problems, or unemployment. No matter the barrier, goals need to be set and must be realistic. If the goals seem impossible to reach they will be. Finally, there must be a commitment to following through with the set goals and a realization that this is an ongoing process that will not change overnight. There is a misinformed stigma of homelessness, whichRead MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe Problem: Homelessness in Auckland Homelessness is a major issue in Auckland that is increasing rapidly over time. Generally defined by Statistics New Zealand â€Å"as living situations where people with no other options to acquire safe and secure housing: are without shelter, in temporary accommodation, sharing accommodation with a household or living in uninhabitable housing†, research has also found that there are four categories of homelessness including; without shelter e.g. living on the streets;Read MoreHomelessness Is A Problem Of Homelessness1658 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness in Society Imagine you are homeless and have no shelter, or nowhere to go. You walk through storms in the same clothes you had on a week ago. You look around for help, but there is none. What would you do? Or imagine you are one of the forgotten ones, whom people call dirty, and disgusting. Suddenly you hear footsteps, with hope filled inside you, and then a sudden sadness strikes you as the 1378th careless person walks by you and doesn t notice you. All you want is somewhere to sleepRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness802 Words   |  4 PagesConclusion Homelessness has been an ongoing problem in the United States and it cannot be decreased until each state comes up with a plan that is affective. However, in order for this to work the economy needs to recover to the point where no one is without a job and is paid a wage that is manageable. The negative stereotypes of judging the homeless needs to be stopped and people need to be educated that homelessness can affect anyone. Although there are many services available to assist the homelessRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness1562 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness We have already past Stone Age and marched towards the modern where we can see fascinating technology and different invention where cancer can be a cured with different medication but homeless still exists and is on the verge of increasing day by day. We can’t imagine ourselves being lost or not knowing where to go or what to do. Spending every day and night either depending on someone else or finding a shelter where you can have a nap. Waking up with the noises of the cars and otherRead MoreHomelessness Is A Problem Of Homelessness1610 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness is a monster. Each day, there are people on the streets suffering from homelessness. These unsheltered people litter the streets, and plead for help. There are different types of homelessness, but the most monstrous is chronic. The chronically homeless are left to endure the hardships of homelessness without hope of an effective solution. Americans disregard all homeless populations, but the most heart wrench ing group that is disregarded is the veterans. The veteran homelessness problemRead MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness2773 Words   |  12 PagesJosh Elliott November 5, 2014 Professor Clark English 1102 Final Draft Homelessness in families has become a much more prominent problem in communities and many struggle from it as they are people who are lacking in funds causing them to be without a home. Today, homelessness among families is becoming more common and is unfortunately spreading all over the world. Most home owning people are unaware of the actuality of the conditions that the homeless people reside in and many cannot comprehend

What to Expect From Online Paper Services?

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Organization Culture Stakeholders

Question: Discuss about the Organization Culturefor Stakeholders. Answer: Introduction The culture of an organization refers to the beliefs and perceptions of the different stakeholders of the organization. The organization culture is the determining factor in success and the operations of an organization. The cultural dimensions of an organization are central to all the major sections of the organization. The organization culture is also critical in the companies where organization culture receives little to low attention as it represents the beliefs, idea, working style and the local culture of the organization. Even when the organization culture is too soft or subtle, it influences the operations and eventually the profitability of the organization. Precisely, the organization culture can be defined as the values of the organization that develops or create the social or the psychological environment of a business organization. The organization culture can be considered as a characteristic of an organization. Thus, it can be modified or adapted by the senior manageme nt and the leaders of that organization (Alvesson, 2012). In this essence, in this essay, the impact of the positive and adaptive corporate culture in organization effectiveness is investigated. The essay has also shed light on how the business leaders can create a positive environment in the organization. The organization culture can be observed in the manner in which the organization conducts its business, the respect with which the employees are treated, how the organization treat customers and the wider community. It also refers to the freedom given to the employees in decision making, idea generation, the information flow and the commitment and engagement of the organization for its objectives. The organization culture of a business enterprise impacts on the productivity, performance and the image of the organization in the perception of the consumers (Schein, 2010). The organization culture is considered as an asset to the organization as it creates the strategic fit between the organization and its external business environment. There are several types of organization culture, namely, the clan culture, adhocracy culture, market culture and hierarchy culture. These organization cultures have ben differentiated according to their stability and control. For instance, in the clan mo del, the focus is on human relations, development of morale, and employee commitment towards the organization. In the adhocracy model, an open system is created within the organizations which foster innovation, creativity and adaptation to the current circumstances. The hierarchy model refers to standardized internal process model wherein the information and the communication are managed in a formalized and structured manner. In the market culture, the emphasis is on the goals their achievement and the external positioning of the organization. All these organization cultures have a different impact on the effectiveness of the organization. Although the effectiveness of an organization is evaluated on the basis of its efficiency to meet the organization goals, it is also dependent on the information management and the process control of the organization (Aktas, Cicek and Kiyak, 2011). The adaptive organization environment is essential for the organizations to survive in the changing organization environment. The adaptive organizations have the capability to adapt to the economic, societal and political shifts that occur in routine manner in the external and the internal environment of the organization. It is the ability of the organization, its employees and departments to smoothly adapt themselves to the changes that have occurred in the external environment. One of the key characteristics of the adaptive organizations is that they have high networking capability (Kegan and Lahev, 2016).). These employees of the organization network with the entities outside the organization to identify new information source or the potential source for the business development. The employees may network with the competitors, rival companies, customers or the external industry experts. The adaptable organizations are also capable of fostering innovation. It is made possible by de veloping open organization culture and development of a reward system that encourages innovation. Besides improving the financial performance of a firm, the organization culture also impacts on the innovation and employee motivation. The organization culture is the ultimate driver the performance of the employee and their engagement toward the organization. As a result, an organization puts great emphasis of the development of the positive organization culture. Although organization culture mainly encompasses the values, mission and the assumptions or attitudes of the employees and different stakeholders, it is also supported by architecture, interior design, location and the technologies used in the organization. In the globalized world, the competition among the business organizations is enormous; therefore, it becomes critical that a positive and motivating organization environment is created within the organization. With the positive corporate culture, the employee engagement increases and he is constantly motivated to achieve the organizations aims and objectives (Jones, Jim mieson Griffiths, 2005). The organization culture also impacts on the employee interaction and communication. The communication between the employees is significant aspect in the efficiency, productivity and the innovation. A positive organization culture is also crucial in development of safety culture and increase in organization adaptability. A positive organization culture reduces the employee resistance towards adoption of new technologies. The organization culture also has a positive relationship with the collaboration, involvement, strategic direction, care of clients and control mechanism of the organization. An effective organization is capable to provide employee satisfaction in the job, fetch employee commitment and acknowledges all the departments regarding the vitality of the customer service and satisfaction. The organization culture is the key to encourage responsible behavior and accountability of all the stakeholders of the organization. It is also essential to create a learning environment within the organization and increase organization flexibility. The incentive schemes and the reward system is also a component of the organization culture which results in increased productivity and competence. Since organization culture is an important asset to the organization to increase its effectiveness and overall performance, the leaders take several initiatives to develop an effective organization culture. In development of a positive organization culture or changing the previous organization culture, the foremost step is to examine the present culture of the organization. A business organization that does not know its culture does not know its identity and the perception of the public towards the organization. The existing culture of the organization must be evaluated to find the gaps between the desired culture and the existing culture. The assessment of the culture is also essential for development of a common language regarding current culture, direction for the future and the workspace. The knowledge of the present culture of an organization is also essential to streamline the desired changes in the organization. In the absence of any knowledge, the changes may contradict the c urrent practices of the organization and create a situation of chaos. In many cases, there is always a gap between the desired culture and the existing culture. This gap can be bridged and an ideal working environment can be created to support the desired culture. With the culture diagnosis, an organization can determine which departments or sections of the organization are already in alignment with the organization goals. Therefore, with the culture diagnosis, an organization can focus on shifting the specific divisions of the organization towards the values and behavior of the organization. Recently, the organizations are also focusing on developing a competency framework to establish a positive organization culture. In this framework, words and phrases are developed that presents the skills, knowledge and the attitude of the employees towards their jobs. It also indicates that the employees are required to meet their workplace standards. The competency frameworks are beneficial in the talent management as well as in the knowledge, attitude and the behavior management of the organization. It also creates an atmosphere in developing the environment for the cultural change initiatives. It provides means to engage the workers or the employees t o contribute to the best of the organization (Cameron Quinn, 2005). The organization change basically occurs in three forms, namely, evolutionary, focused and revolutionary. In the revolutionary culture change, the management allows the change to occur slowly with the time and the company wide transformation occurs simultaneously. In the focused organization change, the companies take measures to change specific subcultures or certain elements. In the revolutionary changes, the management pushes the culture change suddenly in the entire organization. The revolutionary approach to introduce an organization change is creates chaos within the organization. It is turbulent and reduces the employee morale (Van Dyck, Frese, Baer Sonnentag, 2005). In order to create positive organization environment, a business organization must focus to embed few elements in its operations, such as rewards, clarity, standards, responsibility, team commitment and flexibility. The employees must be clear regarding the organizations goals and objectives. Along with it, they should also have knowledge regarding their contribution to the organizations goals. The management should also focus on developing goals which are attainable and challenging. The leader plays a critical role in the development of positive environment in the organization. The leaders are the major motivational and inspirational factor in encouraging employees to perform challenging tasks. It is the responsibility of the leaders to encourage the employees who show dedication and perseverance towards the organization. The leaders can also create a positive and adaptive organization change by creating open and flexible atmosphere. Self-motivated and self-directed teams foster pro ductivity and innovation within the organization. The organization with high rigidity and excessive rules is unable to provide flexibility and adaptive capability in the organization environment which is required in the present era. As a result, a large number of organizations have discarded the hierarchal organization culture (Connors and Smith, 2011). Conclusion Conclusively, it can be stated that the organization culture is an important asset to the organization. The organization culture refers to the sets of values or beliefs embedded in the working of an organization. A positive and adaptable organization culture is correlated to the performance of the organization. There are several kinds of organization culture, namely, the clan culture, adhocracy culture, market culture or the hierarchy culture. These cultures are developed according to the prime motive of the organization. The organization culture is also correlated to the employee performance, adaptability and motivation towards the work. Therefore, the companies take considerable efforts to create a positive organization culture in the organization. The infrastructure or the architecture is tangible assets through which the organization can change its organization culture. Moreover, the companies can also diagnose the current culture of the organization and identify the gaps between the current and the desired organization culture. The organization change will focus to bridge the gap so that the organization can better address its goals. References Aktas, E., Cicek, I. and Kiyak, M. (2011). The Effect of Organizational Culture on Organizational Efficiency: The Moderating Role of Organizational Environment and CEO Values. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 24, 1560-1573. Alvesson, M. (2012). Understanding Organizational Culture. SAGE. Cameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E. (2005). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. John Wiley Sons. Connors, R. and Smith, T. (2011). Change the Culture, Change the Game: The Breakthrough Strategy for Energizing Your Organization and Creating Accounta bility for Results. Penguin. Jones, R. A., Jimmieson, N. L., Griffiths, A. (2005). The impact of organizational culture and reshaping capabilities on change implementation success: The mediating role of readiness for change. Journal of Management Studies, 42(2), 361-386. Kegan, R. and Lahev, L.L. (2016). An Everyone Culture: Becoming a Deliberately Developmental Organization. Harvard Business Review Press. Schein, E.H. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership. London: John Wiley Sons. Van Dyck, C., Frese, M., Baer, M., Sonnentag, S. (2005). Organizational error management culture and its impact on performance: a two-study replication. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1228.

Space Pollution Is a Global Responsibility Essay Example

Space: Pollution Is a Global Responsibility Paper The statement says that pollution is a global responsibility, but first of all, in order to understand the statement and therefore argue the points of view, we must state what can be defined as Pollution. The Oxford dictionary states that to pollute an area is to†¦ â€Å"†¦ Destroy the purity or sanctity of; make foul or filthy; contaminate or defile†¦ † There are many types of pollution, of which the most common is atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric pollution is generally caused by the emissions of substances from mainly industry but also at home. A major cause of atmospheric pollution is the release of gases such as Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Sulfur Dioxide from industry, transport and the burning of material. Industry is also the main cause of the pollution Of rivers and oceans, where chemicals are dumped into water in the hope they will diffuse into the vast amounts of water, however, it doesn’t work this way and slowly the oceans are becoming satura ted with our pollution. This pollution of water has caused Soil pollution, where most of the nutrients needed by the soil is gained through the absorption of our polluted water. Other pollutants that are not destructive to the physical environment UT effect the human environment are noise, light and heat pollution. This pollution occurs everyday in the urbanize world where we leave on lights, leave windows open when trying to heat our homes and produce decibels of noise that annoys our closest neighbors. Even though we occasionally don’t consider this as polluting the area, we are â€Å"†¦ Destroying the purity and sanctity of†¦ † Our environment. In the opinion of many people, we are all responsible for the pollution that we cause and for preventing it Many countries have a strict policy that enforces industry and residential areas to ensure that their own area is within the safety standards for a human environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Space: Pollution Is a Global Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Space: Pollution Is a Global Responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Space: Pollution Is a Global Responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, other countries are unable to enforce such a law and the inhabitants of that country are suffering. But these corporations also argue that they should only be responsible to the pollution that they cause, and that if there is not substantial evidence that they have caused the pollution, they should not be enforced to clear up, or prevent it. One of the major pollution problems that exist in the world today is Global Warming. Global Warming has occurred because atmospheric temperatures are increasing causing the polar ice caps to melt and sea level rises, but how is global warming actually caused? Global Warming is caused by an increase in the amount of Carbon Dioxide and other gases, including Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Chlorofluorocarbons (CIFS), in the atmosphere. It has been for over a century that Carbon Dioxide helps stop the sun’s infrared radiation from escaping into space and therefore functions to maintain the earths relatively warm temperature. Increasing levels Of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the last century will lead to elevated global temperatures, which could result in coastal flooding and major climatic changes that will have serious implications for agricultural productivity as well as causing greater frequency of flooding and other natural phenomenon seen recently. Global warming is a process that ignores national boundaries so it is difficult to determine who is responsible for this rise in temperatures. We should presume that because global warming is caused by the release of greenhouse gases, and then everyone is responsible, in some way, for this build up of pollution in the atmosphere. Therefore, we all have the responsibility for educing the amounts of toxic gases that we produce as a nation. But therefore, surely the government needs to enforce this somehow, and at what levels should the government say are deemed acceptable for the atmosphere. Industry and manufacturing are the major source of toxic emissions, so surely they should be paying for research and development of ways to slow global warming. But, again, how much does industry has to pay, should there be an international standard? Enforcing the amount of gases emitted by the companies would be difficult so it would be easier for there to e a standard rate paid by the companies, but then some are paying more than Others. All these financial arguments about who is going to take financial responsibility for global warming is slowing down the process to preventing it and taken defenses against rising sea levels and increased risk of flooding. Financial responsibility is a debated topic of which no one is willing to pay up for the damage being caused. In one opinion, it is the global responsibility of the people to pay through the tax system; however, some people believe that industry is to blame for the pollution so they should be paying. One thing that is agreed is that there is blame for global warming in every country’ with no exceptions. In the same atmospheric respects to global warming, the increasing hole in the Ozone Layer is contributing to diseases such as skin cancer, but also adding to Global Warming. The Ozone Layer is a region of the atmosphere from 1 2 to 30 miles above the earth’s surface. Ozone concentrations at the ratio 1: 100000 occur in the ozone layer, which is considerably high compared with other areas of the atmosphere. The ozone forms there by the action of sunlight on oxygen. This action has been taking lace for many millions of years, but naturally occurring nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere apparently have kept the ozone concentration at a fairly stable level. Concentrations this great at ground level are dangerous to human health; but because the ozone layer protects life on earth from the full force of the sun’s cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation, it is critically important. Therefore, scientists were concerned when they discovered, in the sass, that certain chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, (CIFS) long used as refrigerants and in aerosol spray cans, posed a possible threat to the ozone layer. Released into the atmosphere, the chlorine-containing chemicals rise and are broken down by sunlight, where-upon the chlorine reacts with and destroy ozone molecules. For this reason, the use of CIFS in aerosols has been banned in Britain as well as other countries such as the United States of America, Canada, Australia and most European Communit y members. These harmful gases have now caused a hole in the layer allowing the ultraviolet light to penetrate the atmosphere. We are helpless to prevent the process, and now we must hope that over time, the ozone layer will be regenerated durably through the restriction of all toxic emissions into the atmosphere. This will be difficult, as Newly Industrialized Countries such as Far Eastern Countries Singapore South Korea along with South American Countries Mexico and Brazil. These countries currently going through an Industrial Revolution of their own are not restrictive of the amount of harmful gases released into the atmosphere. Unless a complete global responsibility can be taken to ensure that no CIFS or Carbon Dioxide is released, then we will continue to suffer from these problems. But who is responsible for these main atmospheric problems? Industry can be claimed to be responsible because they use CIFS, Carbon Dioxide and other toxic gases in their industrial processes. These industries fail to prevent the release of these harmful gases into the atmosphere. The companies should find a different process of manufacturing so that either none or a nominal amount of greenhouse gases are re-leased into the atmosphere to cause the depletion of the ozone layer. Surely they should be the people to take responsibility and clear up, as it is there mess. But in contrast, as the customers of products such as CUFF aerosols and even petrol/diesel cars, we also produce these armful gases that have been damaging the atmosphere since the industrial revolution. In areas such as cars, people tend to buy diesel cars still without considering the environmental damage they will cause whilst driving to work everyday. Customers are not aware of the environment issues when buying products such as cars, aerosols and other products. Many people argue that if the customer is targeted to buy more environmentally friendly products then industry will produce these products for the people. Financial responsibility is a burden that no one is willing to bare. The final major atmospheric problem in our global concern is Acid Rain. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Acidic deposition, or acid rain as it is commonly known, occurs when emissions of Sculpture Dioxide (SIS) and Oxides of Nitrogen (KNOX) react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and oxidants to form various acidic compounds. This mixture forms a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions. These compounds then fall to the earth in either wet form (such as rain, snow, and fog or dry form (such as gas and particles). About half of the acidity in the atmosphere alls back to earth through dry deposition as gases and dry particles. The wind blows these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. In some in-stances, these gases and particles can eat away the things on which they settle. Dry De-posited gases and particles are sometimes washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone. The combination of acid rain plus dry deposited acid is called acid deposition. Prevailing winds transport the compounds, moieties hundreds of miles, across state and national borders. Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams and contributes to damage of trees at high elevations (for example, red spruce trees above mom in height). In addition, acid rain accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nation’s cultural heritage. Prior to falling to the earth, SIS and KNOX gases and their particulate matter derivatives, sulfates and nitrates, contribute to visibility degradation and impact public health. Acid rain is a process that is to restricted by national boundaries. For example, British industry causes acid rain through emissions form their factories, and when these gases mix with the water vapor they form Sulfur Dioxide or Nitrous Oxide, which is deposited over Scandinavia. Surely it is Britain’s responsibility for the damage caused to Scandinavian forests and lakes are we should pay damages to their country for the clean up. Britain should also pay for the prevention Of the release of gases through con-versions of factories and cars that produce the emissions. But surely the countries of Scandinavia are causing acid rain, which is deposited on other countries. Should they pay for their damage in a way the each nation is paying for another nation’s pollution damage? Many people believe that it would be far easier and more sensible for each country to pay for their own damage and the prevention of the production of emissions in the future. Therefore, this will prevent the release of the gases and reduce the cost of conservation and redevelopment of damaged areas. Sharing the cost of the damage is the only way each country will take some responsibility. Throughout the world, in both More Economically Developed Countries and Less Economically Developed Countries, there are companies hat have exploited the environment and the people that occupy the area. An example of this situation is the Trans-national Corporation of Shell. Shell is the largest oil company in the world, however, the use their position and money to influence governments so that they can cut corners on safety. Nigeria is one of the biggest oil fields in the world and Shell has a huge base in the country. The country relies on Oil for 70% of its income and in particular Shell, and in order to keep the company operating within their country, it allows the corporation to do as it pleases. One of the safety isolations that exist in Britain is that all Oil pipes from pumps the refinery must run underground. Although, this makes them difficult to repair, it makes it safer for the residents. In Nigeria, the oil companies are allowed to run pipes above ground and these take the quickest route that means that they frequently run through towns and villages. In some cases, the authorities have allowed the demolition of some houses to make way for the pipes to run. These pipes are polluting the area and have caused the depletion of crops grown in the area. Soil pollution has meant that the land has become infertile and unable to bear crops or animals. The governments of Nigeria have encouraged the destruction of the people’s main income in order to sustain the government’s main income. This example shows that some pollution is not always a global responsibility but the obligation of the company that caused the pollution. The government that presides over the Trans-national Corporation should then enforce this obligation. We as a people must be protected by the government and not affected by the decisions the government makes. Pollution to this Less Economically Developed Country is being caused by a More Economically Developed Country corporation so who should take responsibility. Many people see this as a straightforward argument that Shell should take responsibility for the damage created. International laws should enforce the behavior of a Transnational Corporation in a Less Economically Developed Country to prevent any conflict between the corporation and the inhabitants of the area occupied. In examples where the corporation operating in the country is manipulating the government, then international organizations should take responsibility to enforce that the company acts properly in their operations and pays compensation to any local areas damaged or destroyed by the operational processes of the company. This enforces the view by many people that individual countries or companies cannot be held entirely responsible to pollution because they don’t have international standards to maintain, as in the case on Tins operating in many countries, it may be difficult so each operation to maintain pollution standards for each country. Thus, by having international standards, companies and countries are able to work towards a minimum level to which pollution must be re duced. These laws are drawn up, discussed and established in international law at United Nations summits by representatives from every member of the LLC, which is ritually all states throughout world, and even those countries who are not full members are able to send a representative. Recently, the United Nations met in Brussels to discuss Global Warming at a Climate Conference. During this time of talks, it was planned that an agreement would be drawn up to decide international limits of emissions of the toxic gases mentioned throughout this report. This highly publicized conference came to an end after many developed count-tries became too stubborn to compromise over the levels of emissions to be allowed so as they do not affect the atmosphere and the processes operating within. This is the latest of many summits that have occurred since the set-up of the organization to ensure that their inhabitants protect the world. Throughout the conferences, decisions are made to ensure that the world we live in is ecologically and environmentally maintained. An example of a documentation Of how the environment is essential to our world is that of Agenda 21. Agenda 21 was written and signed by the United Nations at a summit in ROI De Jeanine on the 14th of June 1992. This agreement ensures the protection of the atmosphere and the processes that operate within it. These include the protection of the ozone rarer, the reduction of emissions that cause acid rain and global warming. The report also encourages energy efficiency and sustainable developments throughout the developed and developing worlds. Many of these situations have led me to believe that the companies producing the pollution should pay for preventing any damage to the environment through filtration of the toxic emissions produced. It is possible for the gases to be removed from the air so that no toxic fumes are release and most are transformed into other elements or compounds. This should reduce the pollution to both their own Mounties and countries immediately around them. I believe that to enforce this responsibility, the nation’s government should monitor the volume of emissions and ensure that the corporations adhere to international limits set by all countries through an international environmental governing body. This environment body should also ensure that Transnational Corporations do not manipulate other countries that rely on the income that the company produces. Any corporation that fails to comply with the restrictions should be severely fined. However, companies that do not have the financial power to reverent the pollution should receive financial aid from an international pool of money set aside by each country depending on their own financial status. In ways of preventing pollution, the More Economically Developed Countries mush help the Less Economically Developed Countries, and in particular Newly Industrialized Countries, to reduce the pollution that they are causing and to help prevent the pollution being released. I believe that as an international community, pollution is a global responsibility and through the education of people throughout the world, more can be done to prevent the elution occurring. It is my opinion that if the customer of many products are targeted so that the customer has environmental knowledge to make an informed decision on the products to purchase. Thus, by ensuring that the customer will only purchase environmentally friendly products, the manufactures will be forced to ensure environmental quality to attract the customer to their product. After all, it is the customer or normal person that is affected by the pollution so surely they could have some impact on changing the environmental habits of a country. I believe that by taking these assures then pollution will be lowered and that the environment can recover from the 1 50 years of heavy pollution caused by human neglect.